Robust Image Watermarking Algorithm Based on Predictive Vector Quantization

A novel robust digital image watermarking algorithm based on predictive vector quantization is proposed in this paper. The robust watermark is embedded in the image by selecting the prediction mode of each PVQ coded vector according to the watermark bit. The proposed watermarking algorithm is proved to be robust against both friendly and hostile attacks, such as JPEG compression, VQ compression and image processing operations. The proposed algorithm can be used to protect the copyright of digital images