A Survey of Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Techniques for Radiographic Images

Feature extraction is one of the more difficult steps in image pattern recognition. Some sources of difficulty are the presence of irrelevant information and the relativity of a feature set to a particular application. Several preprocessing techniques for enhancing selected features and removing irrelevant data are described and compared. The techniques include gray level distribution linearization, digital spatial filtering, contrast enhancement, and image subtraction. Also, several feature extraction techniques are illustrated. The techniques are divided into spatial and Fourier domain operations. The spatial domain operations of directional signatures and contour tracing are first described. Then, the Fourier domain techniques of frequency signatures and template matching are illustrated. Finally, a practical image pattern recognition problem is solved using some of the described techniques.