Security and privacy issues towards ENUM protocol

Public ENUM is used until now in trials and some "test-bed" or "production" VoIP environments with small volume. Very lately, another application of the ENUM protocol has emerged namely the "Carrier ENUM", becoming popular among VoIP and mobile providers. In this context, a new competitive to public and carrier ENUM, peer-to-peer approach promotes itself, stating to be more reliable and secure, called DUNDi. Although considerable arguing has been generated among various ENUM forums and standardization fora on ENUM implementations, until now, several issues remain obscured and unresolved. In this paper we address security and privacy issues raised by all the aforementioned solutions, presenting implementation details, general concerns, future trends, and possible solutions.