Highly nonlinear fiber-based lumped fiber Raman amplifier for CWDM transmission systems

The highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF)-based lumped fiber Raman amplifiers (LRAs) for four- and eight-channel coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) transmission systems have been investigated. By using the developed LRA, the four-channel CWDM transmission over conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) with the length of 150 km has been successfully achieved.