Electro-optic waveguide modulators fabricated using thin films of lithium niobate

Electro-optic ridge waveguide modulators based on sub-micron thin films of lithium niobate prepared by crystal ion slicing and wafer bonding are demonstrated. The modulators have low insertion loss and have V/sub /spl pi//L as low as 13 V-cm at /spl lambda/=1.55 /spl mu/m.