Real-time image-based topological localization in large outdoor environments

This paper presents a real-time implementation of a topological localization method based on matching image features. This work is supported by a unique sensor pod design that provides stand-alone sensing and computing for localizing a vehicle on a previously traveled road. We report extensive field test results from outdoor environments, with the sensor pod mounted on both a small and a large all-terrain vehicle. Off-line analysis of the approach is also presented to evaluate the robustness of the various image features tested against different weather and lighting conditions.