The closest substring problem with small distances

In the closest substring problem k strings s/sub 1/, ..., s/sub k/ are given, and the task is to find a string s of length L such that each string s/sub i/, has a consecutive substring of length L whose distance is at most d from s. The problem is motivated by applications in computational biology. We present two algorithms that can be efficient for small fixed values of d and k: for some functions f and g, the algorithms have running time f(d) /spl middot/ n(O(log d)) and g(d,k) /spl middot/ n(O(log log k)), respectively. The second algorithm is based on connections with the extremal combinatorics of hypergraphs. The closest substring problem is also investigated from the parameterized complexity point of view. Answering an open question from (Evans et al., 2003; Fellows et al.; Gramm et al., 2003), we show that the problem is W[1] hard even if both d and k are parameters. It follows as a consequence of this hardness result that our algorithms are optimal in the sense that the exponent of n in the running time cannot be improved to o(log d) or to o(log log k) (modulo some complexity-theoretic assumptions). Another consequence is that the running time n/sup O(1//spl epsiv/4)/ of the approximation scheme for closest substring presented in (Li et al., 2002) cannot be improved to f(/spl epsiv/) /spl middot/ n/sup c/, i.e. the /spl epsiv/ has to appear in the exponent of n.