A comparison of two-stage, 4th-order and single state 2nd-order delta-sigma modulation in digital-to-analogue conversion systems

Considers the application of delta-sigma modulation (DSM) as a means of digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) where the aim is to compare conversion structures that can achieve a dynamic range approaching 20 bit (linear PCM resolution) over a 0-20 kHz frequency band. Specifically, a comparison is made between a 2nd-order noise shaped and oversampled 1 bit, DSM converter with a 4th-order multi-level, noise shaped scheme in tandem with an open-loop multi-level to 1 bit mapping converter.<
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