A novel fast handover technique for TLMM: three level mobility model for next generation wireless IP-based networks

This paper proposes a fast and seamless handover management scheme for the three level mobility model (TLMM) network. TLMM mobility may be more enhanced by using fast handover for MIPv6 (FMIPv6). The paper modifies and extends the FMIPv6 with bi-casting functions to minimize packet loss at the mobile node.