Programming analog computational memory elements to 0.2% accuracy over 3.5 decades using a predictive method

This paper describes a new predictive algorithm that can be used for programming large arrays of analog computational memory elements within 0.2% of accuracy for 3.5 decades of currents. The average number of pulses required are 7-8 (20 /spl mu/s each). This algorithm uses hot-electron injection for accurate programming and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling for global erase. This algorithm has been tested for programming 1024/spl times/16 and 96/spl times/16 floating-gate arrays in 0.25 /spl mu/m and 0.5 /spl mu/m N-well CMOS processes, respectively.