Active compensation in the switched-capacitor biquad

One of the limiting factors in the performance of high-ω
p
and high-Q
p
active filters is the finite frequency-dependent gain characteristics of operational amplifiers (op-amps). Investigated here is a simple compensation scheme to reduce the sensitivity of the performance of a switched-capacitor biquad to the finite gain-bandwidth product of the op-amps. Theoretical and experimental results show that the scheme is very useful.