Computation of electromagnetic transients

Switching operations, faults, and other disturbances produce surges on transmission lines and oscillations in transformer and generator windings. Such electromagnetic transients have primarily been studied with transient network analyzers since the late 1930's. In recent years, digital computer programs have been de-. veloped which make simulation by digital computer competitive. The solution techniques of such programs are described, and their usefulness is illustrated with practical examples. Possibilities for further improvements are mentioned.