Simulation of double-gated Spindt cathodes

Beam focusing of double-gated field emission cathodes is described in this paper. Simulations for a single Spindt tip emitter without focusing electrode, using IESLORENTZ-2D show a good agreement with the experimental results. Simulations of the single tip with coaxial focusing electrode are also carried out, and the effects of various parameters on beam focusing are analyzed. The results indicate that the focusing effect and emission characteristics need to be considered to meet design criteria.