Synthesis of CCs and CFOAs by manipulation of VFs and CFs

A systematic synthesis methodology is introduced for the automatic design of current conveyors (CCs) and current feedback operational amplifiers (CFOAs), at the transistor level. The synthesis procedure for these active devices is executed in four steps: selection of generic cells composed of nullators/norators; addition of norators/nullators to form joined nullator-norator pairs; addition of the biasing circuitry and finally; synthesis of the joined pairs by transistors. The proposed synthesis-method has the capability to generate novel active devices, from which the best transistor-circuit design is selected among all the generated-topologies according to their frequency response by using SPICE.