Abstract and precise recovery of UML class diagram constituents

Reverse-engineered UML class diagrams are neither abstract nor precise representations of source code because of the loose definitions of UML constituents. Thus, they are of little interest for software maintainers. We perform an exhaustive study of UML class diagrams constituents with respect to their recovery from C++, Java, and Smalltalk source code. We implement a tool suite, Ptidej, to reverse engineer Java source code abstractly and precisely.