GPS signal deterioration in urban environment: a winter case-study

In this paper, urban three state fade (UTSF) model is proposed to describe the deterioration of the satellite positioning signals in urban areas. The winter case study confirms the validity of GPS propagation models and adds a new insight to understanding of GPS performance in urban environment. Results are well correlated with the proposed statistical model as the calculated and measured PDF functions are very similar and it emerged to the shadowing effect.