The pretuned module: An integrated millimeter wave oscillator

SOLID-STATE sources are currently delivering tens or hundreds of milliwatts in the millimeter range, and they have shown possibilities up to submillimeter frequencies. However, above 40 or 50 GHz, these sources become difficult to make and to use, mainly because of the mechanical problems related to the small dimensions of all the components, and because tuning problems become somewhat unpredictable and very critical.