An ionospheric ray-tracing technique and its application to a problem in a long-distance radio propagation

A method is given for the determination of the equation of a ray path in a known ionosphere where there axe no horizontal gradients. It can partially take into account the effects of the magnetic field of the earth. The method was applied to an oblique path between Ottawa and Slough (5300 km) to determine certain properties of the one-hop mode. From this it is shown that at times one hop direct ray propagation is possible over this path.