Dielectric and loss properties of the Antarctic terrain: Their influence on the propagation constants of VLF modes in the earth-ionosphere waveguide

New information regarding the complex permittivity and depth of the ice sheet near Byrd Station, Antarctica, and of the conductivity of the underlying rock has permitted recalculation of the attenuation and phase constants relevant to horizontally polarized very-low-frequency energy propagating over long ice-covered paths in the earth-ionosphere waveguide; improvement in the predicted axial attenuation is noted.