Remote probing of atmosphere and wind velocity by millimeter waves

A technique is developed to probe the atmospheric turbulence strength
C_{n}^{2}
and the wind velocity along a path using millimeter waves as a tool. Data obtained in a line-of-sight millimeter-wave propagation experiment are processed and used as the source of information. The averaged
C_{n}^{2}
and wind velocity together with their gradients along the propagation path are calculated by inverting a set of integral equations. A numerical method is used to yield the least-square-error solutions. Comparison is made between the theoretically calculated wind velocity over a 33-hour period and that measured by a conventional anemometer.