Broadband Latching Waveguide Circulator

There exist two basic approaches for the construction of a latching junction circulator in rectangular waveguide. The first of these utilizes a ferrite element having a closed magnetic path contained entirely within itself (that is, the entire ferrite toroid is contained within the region of microwave interaction). Structures of this type have been used previously to produce circulation over a bandwidth of approximately 15%. Devices of this type may be called internal return path circulators. The second approach requires that the magnetic return path be outside the microwave structure and shielded from the RF energy. Devices of this type are called external return path circulators.