Multimicrogr id P2P Energy Trading Benefiting Both Microgrids and the Main Grid Based on a Bi-Level Game

This article proposes a multimicrogrid peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading framework that benefits both microgrids and the main grid. The framework considers the demand satisfaction, trading revenues, and energy generation and storage costs of microgrids with mixed renewable energy sources. Meanwhile, to ensure the main grid’s utility, mechanisms for trading quantities bargaining and trading fees are designed. The problem is formulated as a bi-level game. A Nash bargaining framework is introduced to model the competitive interactions among multiple microgrids and the main grid. A fully distributed alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs), sharing only limited trading information, is applied to the bargaining problem to protect the privacy of individual microgrids. A proportional allocation method is formulated to ensure a rapid and fair allocation of utility among households within each constituent microgrid. Finally, numerical simulations based on a scenario involving Manchester and three surrounding towns validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed framework.