IoT-Based Improvements to the Sustainability and Efficiency of Waste Management

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management faces challenges like inefficient collection, high operational costs, and limited sustainability. These issues mainly arise from relying on manual sorting and fixed collection schedules. This study suggests a smart waste management system that uses the Internet of Things (IoT). The system includes an intelligent dustbin and an automatic garbage sorting mechanism. It uses image processing and convolutional feature extraction to sort waste into dry and wet categories in real time, which removes the need for manual segregation. A microcontroller with wireless communication sends bin fill-level data and location information via GPS to a central online dashboard. This allows for flexible, data-based scheduling and route optimization for waste collection teams. The result is a more efficient, sustainable, and automated MSW management system that cuts down on human involvement, improves resource use, and aids the growth of smart municipal infrastructure.