A Comparative Study of Conventional Learning vs AI-AR Enhanced Models

Education has traditionally emphasized lectures, textbooks, and uniform pacing, which often create passive and one-size-fits-all learning experiences. In contrast, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven tutoring systems provide adaptive pacing and personalized feedback, while Augmented Reality (AR) offers immersive overlays that make abstract concepts tangible. Empirical studies highlight their effectiveness, with intelligent tutoring systems achieving an average 0.66 SD learning gain and AR demonstrating up to a $71.19 \%$ increase in language learning. However, high costs, infrastructural demands, and the need for effective teacher involvement remain barriers. This research investigates hybrid models that integrate AI, AR, and traditional methods to create scalable, personalized, and engaging learning frameworks. The outcomes emphasize the potential of blended approaches in improving both cognitive performance and digital literacy in modern education.