Decentralized Control of DC Microgrids: Introducing the State-of-Grid Concept: How the Principles of Communicating Vessels Could Be Used in DC Microgrid Control

Modern energy systems face an unprecedented shift toward renewables, electric mobility, and the electrification of industries and households. This trend places new demands on grid stability and calls for agile, cost-effective solutions. DC microgrids are increasingly explored as a viable technology because they mesh naturally with battery energy storage, photovoltaic (PV) generation, and other renewable sources, all of which inherently produce or consume dc power. Conventional coordination schemes often rely on supervisory communication networks and centralized controllers, which add cost, enlarge the cyberattack surface, and complicate maintenance.