Output Stability of Compact Zener Voltage Standard Modules

The development of an ultra-compact Zener-voltage-standard module intended as a detachable and replaceable DC voltage reference to ensure traceability in measurement instruments is currently in progress. To date, several prototypes of this detachable Zener module have been designed, assembled, and tested. This paper presents an evaluation of the output voltage stability of these prototypes under changes in ambient temperature, pressure, humidity, and over time. The latest prototype demonstrates a drift rate, temperature coefficient, pressure coefficient, and humidity coefficient within 1 μV/V per year, 0.01 (μV/V)/°C, 0.2 (nV/V)/hPa, and 0.2 μV/V, respectively.