SpinTexture: Exploring Scanning Realism from Concentric to Uni-directional Slip Feedback Using a Spinning Textured Disk

In providing realistic texture scanning experiences, the recent concentric rotation mechanism contributed to its small form factor, but its realism was not validated compared with the typical uni-directional slip feedback. Therefore, we investigated differences in tactile perception between concentric rotation and uni-directional feedback by implementing SpinTexture, which rotates a textured disk in sync with users' scanning speed. We configured five distances between the centers of the fingerpad and the disk (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 cm) and two materials (sandpaper and silk). We first established rotation gain functions to provide perceptually similar sensations to real texture scanning. In 2D (Study 2) and 3D object (Study 3) interaction scenarios, our results showed that scanning realism (Study 2, 3) and enjoyment (Study 3) were insignificantly affected by the different center distances while the sandpaper interaction rated higher realism than silk. Our study bridges the gap between uni-directional and concentric methods.