Decentralized Agent Based Real-Time Energy Management Framework for Hybrid Low-Voltage Multimicrogrid System

The advancement of smart technology promotes interactive operation among the microgrid (MG) systems with the integration of the renewable energy sources (RES) and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Due to the stochastic characteristics of RES and demand, the real-time monitoring operations in multi-MG system are becoming crucial task for stable and reliable electricity to fulfil the load demand. This article proposes agent-based real-time energy management framework for a low-voltage hybrid multi-MG system with integration of RES and BESS. The main objectives of the proposed method are to manage the power flow effectively, coordinate and exchange energy within the multi-MG and ac grid to improve the overall efficiency and reliability. Multiagents coordinate RES, BESS, and load, and effectively handles the energy management operation during fluctuating load demand. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, different scenarios with test cases are demonstrated for the operation of the maximum RES utilization, power exchange within the MG systems and ac grid. This method ensures the dc bus voltage regulation and the power balance during all scenarios. A multi-MG system is configured with a 48 V DC bus, comprising four MGs rated at 1.8, 1.8, 2.9, and 5.1 kW, respectively. A multi-MG system is developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The real-time simulator results validated effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method with OPAL-RT OP4610.