Comparative Analysis of Silicon Dioxide-Based and Other Advanced Materials for High-Voltage Insulation Structures

A numerical methodology for evaluating the effect of filler particle size distribution and volume fraction on the effective thermal and electrical properties of polymer insulation materials is presented. A representative 3D microstructure of the composite is generated using a sequential algorithm that fills a virtual domain with coarse and fine spherical inclusions according to predefined statistical parameters. The resulting geometry is analyzed using finite element simulations under both steady-state and frequency-domain conditions at 50 Hz. From the obtained field distributions, homogenized values of thermal conductivity, dielectric permittivity, electrical conductivity, specific heat capacity, and dielectric loss tangent are calculated. The study includes three composite configurations based on quartz sand, fused alumina, and glass beads. The results demonstrate that variations in filler composition significantly influence the macroscopic behavior of the material, providing insight into the rational design of polymer composites for electrical insulation applications.