Secure Factory Automation Using IoT-Based Clustered PD-NOMA

Factory automation increasingly relies on IoTs to achieve security through continuous monitoring and control. However, the rapid expansion of connectivity increases security risks. Identifying these challenges requires a tactical approach, such as implementing secure infrastructure to enhance data security and employing distributed control methods to locate controllers closer to the machines they supervise, thus minimising the centralised vulnerabilities. Wearable IoT devices are increasingly integrated into industrial operations, working with human operators to enhance task efficiency. Adopting 5G technology presents a promising solution, including low latency, high scalability, and improved energy efficiency. In this research, the proposed clustering method of 5G in Industrial IoT (IIoT) is intended to reduce radio resource delay and improve the security and data rate more effectively. The proposed hybrid clustering method with PD-NOMA reduces the radio resource delay by improving the real-time data transmission and throughput, and security by applying localised clustering. This study proposes a 5G based clustering approach for IIoT to reduce radio resource delays and increase secure data transmissions by minimising interference. The results show several connected nodes and a significant increase in data rate and coverage probability. This work highlights the importance of secure and efficient communication in advancing IIoT technologies.