Retrofitting Legacy Vehicles to Acquire IoV Capability

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) rely on continuous communication between interconnected devices to increase the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of transportation networks. Among the key components of ITS are vehicles, which represent the largest and most dynamic data sources. However, current ITS infrastructures benefit modern vehicles equipped with native connectivity capabilities, leaving a massive portion of the existing fleet, especially in developing regions, excluded. To address this gap, we propose a low-cost onboard solution called the legacy Internet of Vehicle (IoV), designed for vehicles manufactured since 2010, which complies with the On-Board Diagnostic II (OBD-II) standard. The device allows older vehicles to interact with ITS ecosystems by collecting telemetry data offline and transmitting it to a cloud server when connectivity is available. Initial validation was conducted through an application scenario in which telemetry data were successfully collected from a stationary but running vehicle, demonstrating the feasibility and potential of integrating older vehicles into modern ITS frameworks.