International Agricultural Supply Chain Network Equilibrium under Carbon Trading and Flow Perishability

This paper constructs a foundational model to conduct an in-depth analysis of the international agricultural supply chain network. It takes into account both carbon trading and flow perishability, while flow perishability is divided into flow-independent and flow-dependent. By leveraging variational inequality theory, this paper thoroughly investigates how these two kinds of perishability mechanisms influence supply chain network equilibrium results, and the numerical results reveal that flow-independent perishability can bring about short-term enhancements in the efficiency of the supply chain network. In contrast, flow-dependent perishability causes a decline in transaction volumes and network profits. These findings underscore the unique impacts of different perishability mechanisms on the supply chain network and provide valuable insights for stakeholders in making more informed decisions regarding supply chain management and government policy-making.