A Hexagonal Split Ring Resonator based Sub-6 GHz Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Wireless Application

Motivation: This study presents a multiband frequency reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna incorporating two hexagonal-based split ring resonators (HBSRR) on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant (εr) of 4.4. Approach: Frequency tunability is achieved using a single PIN diode, enabling four distinct resonant frequency bands: 2.45 GHz, 2.7 GHz, 2.87 GHz, and 5.46 GHz. The antenna’s performance is analyzed in terms of return loss (S₁₁), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), Z-parameter, bandwidth (BW), resonance frequency, and radiation efficiency under various diode states (ON and OFF). Simulations are conducted using CST Microwave Studio. Key outcomes: The proposed antenna design achieves a maximum radiation efficiency of 81.12% at 2.45 GHz. When the PIN diode is in the ON state, the design attains a peak bandwidth of 681.68 MHz at 2.87 GHz. Relevance of the study: This reconfigurable antenna structure offers a compact and efficient solution for modern wireless communication systems, with potential applications in Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and weather radar technologies.