Optimization of Indoor Thermal Environments for Energy Efficiency and Occupant Comfort Using CFD Simulations

This study evaluates the thermal performance of a typical office space using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations integrated with physical modeling. Key environmental parameters—including air temperature, humidity, velocity, and radiant heat—are analyzed to assess their influence on thermal comfort and energy consumption. Results indicate that optimizing air supply parameters, such as vent placement, airflow rate, and supply temperature, significantly improves temperature uniformity and reduces the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index. Incorporating natural ventilation and intelligent feedback control further enhances system responsiveness and energy efficiency under dynamic conditions. A comprehensive set of thermal environment indicators is established, and model reliability is confirmed through grid independence testing. The findings offer scientific and practical guidance for designing smart, energy-efficient indoor climate control systems. Future research will focus on improving simulation accuracy and expanding applicability across various building types.