Review and Prospects of Inertia Demand Assessment and Control Technologies in High-Penetration Renewable Energy Systems

Under the background of the “dual carbon” strategy, the power system is accelerating its transformation towards an energy structure with new energy as the main body. However, a high proportion of renewable energy is connected to the grid through power electronic equipment, resulting in a significant reduction in the system's inertia support capacity and increasingly prominent frequency security issues. Inertia, as a key factor in maintaining frequency stability, its demand assessment and control technology urgently need in-depth research. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of inertia requirement assessment and control technology in power systems: Firstly, the assessment methods of the minimum inertia requirement of the system are summarized, and the key factors affecting inertia are classified and expounded; Secondly, based on the inertia response mechanism and the virtual inertia control technology of new energy, the characteristics and applicable scenarios of the existing virtual inertia technologies were systematically analyzed. Finally, the future research directions of high-proportion new energy grid-connected systems in the field of inertia are prospected.