A flexible load and energy storage coordinated peak shaving strategy for commercial office buildings based on economic optimization

Aiming at the energy scheduling problem of commercial office buildings under the time-of-use electricity price mechanism, this paper proposes a multi-objective dynamic scheduling strategy that integrates the coordinated optimization of flexible load regulation and energy storage systems. By constructing the building thermodynamic model, the linear model of energy storage, and the mathematical models of flexible loads such as air conditioning, lighting, and electric vehicle charging, and considering indoor comfort, a multi-objective optimization framework centered on economy is established. Simulation based on the MATLAB platform shows that this strategy, through air conditioning pre-cooling and peak-time power rationing, dynamic dimming of lighting, and load transfer of electric vehicles, combined with the “low storage, high discharge” mechanism of energy storage, achieves a peak load reduction of 13.6% and a total electricity bill reduction of 24.1%, of which energy storage contributes 71.2% of the arbitrage income. The research verifies the collaborative potential of flexible loads and energy storage under time-of-use electricity prices and provides quantitative decision support for commercial buildings to participate in demand response.