Comparison in Enhancement of GMPPs and LMPPs for New Hybrid Cross-Tie BIPV Arrays Under Non-Uniform Shading Patterns

Distributed solar photovoltaic (PV) and building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems have major obstacles in reaching the global maximum power point (GMPP) due to high and low non-uniform shading patterns (NU-SPs). Total Cross-Tied-Series Parallel-Total Cross-Tied (TCT-SP-TCT), Series Parallel-Total Cross-Tied-Series Parallel (SP-TCT-SP), Total Cross-Tied-Bridge Linked-Total Cross-Tied (TCT-BL-TCT), and Bridge Linked-Total Cross-Tied-Bridge Linked (BL-TCT-BL) are the four new hybrid BIPV array interconnections that are examined in this research study under high, low, and very low NU-SP conditions. Key metrics, including GMPP, open-circuit voltage (OCV), short-circuit current (SCC), and local maximum power points (LMPP1 & LMPP2) are analysed in a thorough performance review utilizing MATLAB R2023b simulations. Its sensitivity to shading is highlighted by the results, which show that TCT-BL-TCT consistently has the lowest GMPP and SP-TCT-SP consistently obtains the greatest. Multiple LMPPs emerge at varied irradiance levels, highlighting the importance of optimum connectivity schemes. The findings show that hybrid PV array topologies improve power extraction while mitigating the negative impacts of shade. Among the configurations, TCT-SP-TCT has better shade dispersion and higher LMPP values, making it an attractive option for efficient power generation. This study emphasizes the importance of strategic hybrid linkages in boosting energy yield and system stability under various shading situations.