Integrated Energy Monitoring and Control System with Tri-Node ESP32 Architecture

Efficient energy management requires real-time monitoring and control. This study proposes an IoT-based energy monitoring and control system using a tri-node ESP32 architecture with a Transmitter, Receiver, and Remote module. The system utilizes a PZEM-004T sensor to measure voltage, current, power, energy, frequency, and power factor, transmitting real-time data to an OLED display. The Remote module controls a relay for load switching. Performance evaluation shows high measurement accuracy with a maximum power deviation of 5.46%. The system maintains a 1012.8 ms data latency and 581 ms relay switching delay, ensuring fast response. Network testing confirms reliable operation under strong and moderate Wi-Fi, though latency increases to 1776.49 ms in weak signal conditions. The system effectively integrates real-time monitoring, responsive control, and stable communication, making it suitable for IoT-based energy management applications.