Capacity Parameter Configuration Method for Fuel Cell Hybrid Digital Rail Tram Considering Energy Management Coupling

To address the contradiction between efficient operation and lightweight design in fuel cell hybrid power systems, this article proposes a system capacity parameter matching method considering the coupling of energy management. In this method, the coupling parameters of the fuel cell system (FCS) and the supercapacitor system (SCS) are established first to quantify the impact of capacity configuration on energy management; Second, based on the Pontryagin minimum principle (PMP) with the coupling parameters above, the relationship between the FCS rated capacity and the SCS minimum coupling capacity is constructed; Finally, combining with the space constraints of the vehicle, the average efficiency of FCS during energy management is further considered in the process of parameter matching. After getting the FCS and SCS parameters matching results, both the RT-LAB platform and the actual tram tests are conducted based on the online PMP implementation. The results of the RT-LAB platform show that the obtained parameters can meet various load conditions of preset routes and the online form PMP has significant advantages in both output fluctuation and hydrogen consumption compared with the existing methods. The actual tram test results indicate that the FCS configuration with a larger capacity has significant SOC retention capability and higher average efficiency than the configuration with a smaller capacity, which is consistent with the results of the proposed method.