Study on Detection of Driving Fatigue Based on ECG Collected by a Novel Semi-Dry Electrode

This study proposes a novel semi-dry electrode to address the limitations of traditional electrodes in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquisition experiments. The electrode, designed with a detachable snap-in device, is mounted on a steering wheel to enable the collection of palm-based ECG signals. By combining the advantages of traditional wet and dry electrodes, the semi-dry electrode achieves a skin contact impedance of $18.31~\pm ~3.21$ k $\Omega $ and maintains stable performance for up to 10 h in a driving environment. Additionally, the study evaluates the effectiveness of the semi-dry electrode in monitoring driver fatigue by analyzing its correlation with electroencephalogram (EEG) features. The results reveal a strong correlation (average $r$ = 0.9337) between fatigue trends detected by the semi-dry electrode and variations in EEG features. These findings demonstrate that the proposed semi-dry electrode is capable of effectively monitoring long-term driving fatigue.