An Tripartite Evolutionary Game Analysis of the ‘Siege Wei to Rescue Zhao’ Strategy

Inspired by the ancient Sun Bin's Art of War tactic-'besieging Wei to rescue Zhao', this article explores the dynamics of a tripartite game. We construct an evolutionary game model to analyze strategic interactions among the provoking party, the assisting party, and the victim party. By simulating their interactions, we examine strategic choices and the resulting evolutionary stable strategies (ESS). Our research reveals two key ESS outcomes: one equilibrium leads to a peaceful resolution, while the other results in conflict with the assisting party gaining more benefits. Numerical simulations further illustrate how key parameters, such as benefit distribution coefficients and initial willingness, influence convergence to ESS. These insights emphasize the importance of strategic coordination and the risk of misjudgment in tripartite interactions.