Modeling and Voltage Stabilization Control for Multi-Stack Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a type of medium or high-temperature fuel cell and is among the most important power generation technologies in the field of energy development today. Facing high power is an inevitable trend for the practical application of SOFC power generation technology. In practical applications, multi-stack SOFC may face the problem of output voltage fluctuations due to external or internal factors, which can pose a significant safety hazard. The research presented in this paper aims to address this issue. Firstly, a lumped parameter model of multi-stack SOFC with two stacks connected in series is constructed in this paper. Then, the paper analyzes the electrical output characteristics of the multi-stack SOFC model. The electrical output characteristics analysis identifies fuel flow as the manipulated variable and clarifies that the key issue in control research is to achieve stable voltage output of multi-stack SOFC under conditions of fluctuating input load current. Finally, a control system of multi-stack SOFC based on PID control is designed, and the accuracy of the controller is verified through analysis of simulation results. The proposed control strategy enhances the dynamic performance of the system and successfully realizes voltage stabilization control for multi-stack SOFC.