Design of a Programmable Metasurface Unit with Independently Tunable Amplitude / Phase Based on Time Encoding

In this work, an amplitude/phase independently programmable metasurface (A/PIPMS) embedding PIN diodes only is proposed. By incorporating time encoding and a specialized design, this unit overcomes the coupling limitations of traditional programmable metasurfaces in amplitude and phase control. This paper details the unit's design principles, simulation analysis, and experimental validation in a rectangular waveguide, verifying its excellent independent amplitude-phase control performance. Additionally, the plane wave angular spectrum (PWAS) method is used for array simulation to analyze sidelobe suppression in the radiation pattern.