Hybrid Fuel Cell–Battery System for Dynamic DC Bus Voltage Control

This paper represents a hybrid energy storage system that combines a battery backup with a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for maintaining a stable DC bus voltage in a dynamic DC microgrid environment. The battery supports dynamic power demands and adjusts for transient load fluctuations, while the PEMFC acts as the main energy source. Depending on the operating parameters of the system, a bidirectional DC-DC converter is used for battery interface, enabling both charging and discharging modes. From simulation results, this hybrid configuration is appropriate for contemporary distributed energy systems and electric mobility applications since it efficiently maintains the DC bus voltage at a consistent level while delivering the necessary power demand.