Interference Analysis of 5G NR on Radio Astronomy in the Upper 6 GHz Frequency Range: Mitigation Techniques and Strategies

This article addresses interference mitigation strategies for radio astronomy service (RAS) within the 6650-6675.2 MHz frequency band, focusing on the 5G NR network deployment and its potential impact on RAS operations. Guided by ITU-R recommendations and methodologies, the study explores both generic and site-specific interference cases. Using Monte-Carlo simulations and propagation models, including Recommendations ITU-R P.2001 and ITU-R P.2108, it estimates interference levels from 5G NR base stations, highlighting necessary separation distances across various deployment scenarios. The results indicate that urban IMT deployment requires a minimum separation of 55-60 km, while rural and suburban setups may necessitate 30-70 km based on terrain shielding and adjacent channel conditions. This study is useful for regulators and network planners that plane to implement 5G NR networks in the countries where the frequency band 6650-6675.2 MHz is in use by RAS, providing adaptable separation guidelines according to local environments and 5G NR deployment specifics.