A Novel 3D GBSM for Satellite-to-Maritime Communications

The sixth generation (6 G) communications will achieve broader coverage and support more communication scenarios. Satellite communications, which are important complements to ground communications, are expected to realize global coverage. This paper aims to propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for satellite-to-maritime channel. The proposed model consists of line-of-sight (LoS) component, single-bounce (SB) components caused by the sea surface and ship body, and multi-bounce (MB) components due to ducting effect. The satellite trajectory and arbitrary movement of ship are also taken into consideration. The model considers atmosphere effect and rain effect, which are not negligible in satellite communication systems. Finally, statistical properties such as space-time-frequency (STF) correlation function, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and Doppler power spectral density (PSD) are derived and analyzed.