IoT-Enabled Smart Window System for Environmental Adaptation in Home 4.0

The use of smart home technologies is rapidly increasing, with innovations such as smart doors, door locks, energy management systems, and refrigerators becoming standard. However, limited attention has been given to smart windows, which are an essential component of Home 4.0. This research proposes an IoT-enabled smart window system equipped with advanced technologies to enhance home automation and energy efficiency. The system integrates sensors such as rain, temperature, UV, and motion sensors. The ESP32 serves as an edge device for real-time data processing. Data is transmitted through GSM and MQTT protocols, secured with AES-256 encryption. This ensures seamless and secure communication between the cloud and the system. The smart window autonomously performs actions, such as closing during rain or adjusting based on environmental conditions. User control is enabled via a smartphone application. The system is powered by a hybrid solution using solar energy and rechargeable batteries, promoting sustainability. By addressing the overlooked potential of smart windows, this system contributes to energy savings, improved indoor air quality, and enhanced user convenience. It represents an indispensable innovation in the Home 4.0 ecosystem.