Design and Implementation of a Low-Cost and Logic-Based Traffic Light Controller with Pedestrian Integration

This paper presents the design and implementation of a low-cost and logic-based traffic light control system integrated with pedestrian crossing functionality at a fourway intersection. Efficient traffic management is essential to reduce congestion, improve road safety, and improve pedestrian mobility in urban environments. The proposed system utilizes fundamental digital logic components, including 555 timer ICs, CD4017 counters, and logic gates (AND, OR, NOR), to manage vehicle flow and pedestrian movement through a well-structured finite state machine (FSM). Pedestrian requests for safe crossing are handled via push-button switches. Developed using Verilog hardware description language (HDL) and simulated in Proteus, the system was later implemented on a breadboard for physical testing. The experimental results confirm the efficient operation of the system in coordinating vehicular and pedestrian signals. The design supports complete pedestrian routing, ensuring safe crossings in all directions. The system is scalable for real-world applications and offers a practical and educational model for traffic signal control, with significant implications for improving urban traffic flow and pedestrian safety.