PBG-Based High-Gain Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for IoT Applications

A detailed investigation of two novel high-gain circular microstrip patch antennae is presented in this study. The primary focus of the study was to design a high-gain efficient antenna targeting IoT and wireless applications. Antenna-1, designed on a Bakelite substrate, offers excellent S11 (-40.61 dB) with a moderate gain of 4.60 dB and robust efficiency of $\text{8 2. 3 1 \%}$. The novelty of this work lies in the well-rounded approach to designing the intricate PBG structure, which ensures the suppression of unwanted surface waves. This novel design approach at antenna-2 uniquely suppresses surface waves, which leads to exceptional impedance matching ($\mathrm{S} 11=-49.06\ \text{dB}$), enhanced gain (6.137 dB), directivity (6.814 dBi), and high efficiency (85.54 %). A comparative analysis of the performance metrics of the proposed antennae with existing literature is also provided to validate the supremacy of the proposed designs over the reported literature.