A Robust CNC: MCU-Based Error-Optimized Approach Comparing PLC and Combined Controller

CNC machine automates machining processes with high precision by implementing digital designs (G-code) to control tools like mills, lathes, and lasers, improving manufacturing with accuracy, efficiency, and repeatability. This study explores a low-cost and error-optimized CNC machine designed with a microcontroller-based (MCU) approach which offers significant advantages over traditional PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and combined controller systems. This innovation depends on its integration of a rotary encoder for real-time error handling, enabling precise movement over the issues such as missed steps which ensures precision with cost efficiency. Unlike PLC systems, which require expensive components, the MCU-based architecture utilizes easily available and low-cost hardware, making it highly accessible. The small and modular design further enhances the system's adaptability and allows it to usable to various CNC applications with precision and reliability. This approach demonstrates a significant improvement in cost-efficiency and error handling approximately 4.68% when compared to traditional controllers, emphasizing the potential of MCU-based systems in providing accessible and high-performance CNC solutions for a wide range of users and industries.